Addictiveness of Video Games

Addictiveness of photograph GamesTingting SongAre Internet word picture Games Addictive? Yes, They Are.Video coarse-graineds rich person already became an indispensable part of our lives curiously through the Internet as a medium to link the practical(prenominal) space and existent population in the macrocosmwide. It is worth mentioning that Internet photograph spiriteds atomic number 18 more than than popular among teenagers, and their spare conviction is occupied by a variety of icon games instead of doing something creative, imaginative and innovative. on that pointfore, they dupe a greater chance of exposure game habituation than other free radicals of bouters. Susan Orlean (n.d.) who is an Ameri house journalist tells, Ive ceaselessly been alarmed of moving picture games not afraid that I wouldnt like them, but that I would like them to a fault much, and that after mere seconds in front of any particularly voguish and absorbing game, I would abandon all ambition, turn into a give breathing zombie, and develop a wide, sofa-shaped rear end. The speaker points out the emotions of well-nigh fetchers in the face of the exposure game. Video games excites, annoys the players, and nevertheless lets them hard to circulate up vie. Also, playacting image games is a good escapist bridle-path and the best way to kill time for players. In my position paper, I believed internet telly games are addictive particularly for groups of adolescents. I forget discuss the reasons, the causes, and the possible effects of being addicted to the games in expatiate with evidence. thither is no doubt that video recording games addiction is a low-key killer that is threatening the study habits and the lives of teenagers. Game addiction is a point out of teenagers who have an excessive dependence on a game.First of all, video games have addictive triggers to attract and to lure the players to change state addicted to the game. In order to d raw more players to play the games, game designers tend to betray different types of games which meet different individual needs. a) Video games are ordinarily divided into the following several types much(prenominal) as Action, Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing (MMORPG), Strategy, Simulation, and drive etc. Players gouge always find the games for their needs in such various categories. b) You depart find that in that respect have no circumstantial pre-defined ends for most of these different video games. Players completes every toil to have a new discover and those aleatory factors always inspires players curiosity to continue play the games all the time. c) The game set different issue for the character of the level up. When character have a new start in a new game, the characters attributes are initialization settings in the game. If players pauperization to finish the advanced task, to upgrade characters attributes and to get more skills, they must make the ir roles from the initial level up to full level soon. With the level of ascension, players have to reach more and more time to contend more difficult tasks. The serve by characters to level up is sustainable and it cannot be sustained for a long time. Games designers build various rewards patterns for players to earn, which alike causes addiction. d) Meanwhile, in-game currencies are increased by spending more time playing and more tasks are completed, which leads to more seductive pursuits to achieve. Cumulative gaming time or login in the game on time to complete the task leave behind accumulate more wealth such as grand coins, credits, and energy which increase players purchasing power. In-game currencies can buy game prop to help players easy to complete the task, and buy the virtual clothes to soak up the character, etc. (Loder Natasha, 2014). Actually, the virtual wealth were drove by players vanity. Sometimes, split of crops in the game can sell for business in real life between players. Thats why parts for players play so hard that update their items for selling to get a good price. e) Moreover, the designers prefer to set the randomly time-schedule of in-game rewards. Sometimes, players pass on get a big reward after finishing several tasks, but there are suave have several parts of players leave behind get a colossal rewards when they only complete one task. Game designers make the factors of uncertainty to let the players never know when they can be rewarded through the tasks, but players always would like to wait the reward until as long as they play long fair to middling. Designers are so smart that always structure a different target to pursue players for different period of gaming time. Thats why players will always have the game to play with innovation. There is no doubt that video games addiction should be categorized as a mental disorder, however, the addiction is caused by video games design, which attracts more players to sp end large amount of time to play it ( whoremaster Hopson, 2001).In the second place, video games provide a fully realized virtual world for players to die hard from the reality of the sensual world. For gamers, the virtual world are more likable than real life. a) Those tolerant of people with social phobias, and lose motivation to communicate with people more likely to addict in the internet video games. The success of the game gives them confidence and give them affirmation to prove their face-to-face ability. Because the desire for inter in the flesh(predicate) communication, these groups of players would like to build friendships in virtual space. Players can play together with other game users in a group randomly, and enjoy the feeling of teamwork to accomplish their common task. Also, in the network game, players base on reality condition of the real world or personal expectations of themselves to create the character in any status to finish race goal, to make friends, a nd to build the family with other users in the game. A lot of players localize their own emotions to the games like the SIMS, and in stages lose themselves and indulge in games (Romeo Vitelli, 2013). Furthermore, b) people who have huge gouge in real life, sitting in front of the computer, logging in the video games and into the game, they will no all-night remember their own ambitions and worry about the difficulties that happen in the life. They will only remember the games tasks, the monsters are killed, or another beautiful semblance world. Players love the feeling of playing games without any restriction force in real life so video games become their spirit of places gradually (Jack Flanagan, 2014).Thirdly, video games have a strong psychological basis that can lead to an addiction for the players. For instance a) players get hysterical symptoms in the process to play racing games. Usually, this kind of psychology similar with the feedback after playing extreme sports. How ever, extreme sports have a high level of danger. tidy sum who keen to play extreme sports are willing to challenge the nature, and in the case of high danger coefficient to reach high excited state of mind. The metamorphosis of video game also create an immerse experiences for players, such as racing games. In addition, video games do not have physical risk. In the game, players should have quick reaction to avoid run across and elude oncoming vehicles. Mental shocking is a part of fun. Players are almost die but they are alive no calculate in the process of extreme sports or such process of debase racing games (Jagodzinski Jan, 2006). All at once, b) violent video game provides the input signal and brings more exciting pleasure for players. You cannot shooting in the street with a gun, it is illegal. However, violent games dont break the low and have the restrictions for players. realistic experiences are very real not only the first-Hand Role in killing process but also the vivid graphics. The pleasure of this kind of game is the reason of the players cannot extricate themselves (Xu Zhengchuan, 2012).The last but not the least, Neuroimaging studies have begun to study the changes of brain activity when players play the games and recorded the changes with documents. The evidence shows that there have changes in brain activity during on-line play. Response to video game addiction in players is similar with drug-induced substance dependence. These brain regions overwhelm the dorsolateral perfrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus and caudate mucleus. (Bavelier Daphne, 2011). In addition, unlike drug addiction, Video game addiction will not cause physical damage to pitying body. However, damage of nervous system are the common reason for the players become problem gamblers. There is no doubt that video games are addictive, and to sustain special devastating on the nervous system of the brain. Simultaneou sly, it is of import to production line that games addiction is a process of accumulation results (Bavelier Daphne, 2011). As well, addictive triggers is the important reason for the players spend a large amount of time to play internet video games and lead to cause changes in the brain. Then the illusion world in the games make them feel better.As an example, one of the easiest outgrowth video games called Farm Game which connects the players with their friends through the Internet. When the player starts to play the game, they will have six lands to sowing crops. Mature crops generally lasted six to seven hours. Players had to harvesting their crops on time to avoid their game friends to steal their crops. Players with crops to sell more, they will acquire more coins to buy more land and more high-priced crops. At the same time, their level of farms will up with more crops they sold. Players had to obstruction the time, log in the game every day and harvest crops on time in order to avoid other players to steal their crops. I doubts even the players whether cannot help thinking of the picture, content and so on in the game or not. Actually, for most game players, they do often cue of the game and cant wait to play the game. Video-game designers structure unpredictable and unexpected factors to attract players curiosity and desire, so they would like to spend more time to complete the goal in the games. Compared to drug addiction with physical damage, video games are more inclined to spiritual enjoyment and satisfaction. It seems that video game addiction is harmless, but Bakker says video games addiction can precipitation lives (Sherry Rauh, 2006). Players dont think they are in trouble with games addiction who are ignoring the problems and making addiction worse. At an addiction treatment internality in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands (Sherry Rauh, 2006), players particularly are groups of adolescent who seriously addicted to internet video games and come to this center to quit addiction on video games. Keith Bakker (Sherry Rauh, 2006) is a director of this addiction consultants said in upstart years, they received more and more patients who addicted especially for playing online role-playing games. In the process of broking dependence, if the players does not get more actions such as playing video games, they will become agitated, irate, violent and miserable because their fantasy world was interrupted by us. They are in low depression even do not willing to eat, sleep and alive. Otherwise, video game addicts will let players stay outside(a) from social development that affect interact relationships they will become more isolated with others. As well, students wont have energy to learning because they are hard to concentrate on learning. And, with the grades become poor, they are tend to dropout and give up other interests and hobbies.In conclusion, I totally believed that it is possible to become addicted to internet video games. Video games addiction has become the mainstream problem in society. This addiction potently causes problems for individual such as emotional problems, health problems and social problems. There are mainly four arguments points to explain the reason of internet video games addiction in this position paper. Such as video game have addictive triggers to attract players dependent on it and wont stop playing. Play the game online in order to stay away the real digital world and video games offers strong psychological pressure to players. Lastly, there have changes in brain activity during on-line play. Video game gives pleasure to the players at the same time brings negative sides. In my opinion, video games addiction must be aware from parents and society because it is enough to destroy an adolescent life.Work CitationSusan Orlean. BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2014,from BrainyQuote.com Web site http//www.brainyquote.com/ recognition/quotes/quotes/s/susa norlea494668.htmlGxqS5W5rQEVom45A.99Loder, N. What Makes Video Games Addictive? Electronic Entertainment. TheEconomist Newspaper NA, Inc. Feb 18, 2014. Web. April 5, 2014, fromhttp//search.proquest.com/docview/1500529138?accountid=28041John Hopson. Behavioral Game Design. GAMASUTRA The Art Businessof Making Games. UBM Tech. April 27, 2001. Web. April 5, 2014, fromhttp//www.gamasutra.com/view/ hold/3085/behavioral_game_design.php?print=1Romeo Vitelli, ph.D. Are Video Games Addictive? Psychology Today, 19 August,2013. Web. 5 April 2014, from http//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/media-spotlight/201308/are-video-games-addictiveJack Flanagan. The Psychology of Video Game Addiction. The Week, 5 Feb, 2014.Web. 5 April 2014, from http//theweek.com/article/index/255964/the-psychology-of-video-game-addictionJagodzinski, Jan. Video Game Cybersubjects, The Ethics of rage and AddictionA Psychoanalytic Approach. Psychoanalysis, Culture Society 11.3(Dec 2006) 282-303. ProQuest Psychology ledger s. Web. 5 April 2014from http//services.lib.mtu.edu3960/docview/216517632/485C5DD715AC4523PQ/3?accountid=28041Xu, Zhengchuan, et. al. Online Game Addiction Among Adolescents Motivation and Prevention Factors. European Journal of Information Systems 21.3 (May 2012)312-340. ProQuest Business Collection. Web. 5 April 2014 from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1010849335?accountid=28041Babelier, Daphne, et. al. Brains On Cideo Games. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience12.12 (Dec 2011) 763-8. ProQuest Psychology Journals. Web. 5 April 2014from http//search.proquest.com/docview/905093857?accountid=28041Sherry Rauh. Detox For Video Game Addiction? CBS Interactive Inc. July 3, 2006.Web. 5 April 2014, from http//www.cbs intelligence.com/news/detox-for-video-game-addiction/

Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure

Pathophysiology of Acute nephritic loserIntroThe following pages allow for concern the scenario of Georgina Lawson. I volition examine the pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure and wherefore highlight the pharmacological management specific to Mrs Lawsons treatment. I will then concentrate specifically on Mrs Lawsons condition by identifying lead signs and symptoms that she displayed upon admission, and discuss how the diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure has been reached. Next in that location will be a discussion on the tests undertaken at the magazine of Mrs Lawsons admission, their relevance, results and also the expected findings when the assumption of Acute Renal Failure has already been made. Additional tests that could also been ordered entirely werent will also be highlighted with their potential benefits shown.In the last part of this paper, I will frame ab break finished the impact of having a BMI of 50 on the disease of puzzle taboo of T2DM and Acute Renal Failure as well as the pharmacological implications of having such a weight.Part 1Acute renal misfortune is a representation of the rapid decline in renal accountability whereby billet nitrogenous wastes (urea nitrogen, uric acid, and creatinine) accumulate ascribable to a lessen glomerular filtration rate, impairing fluid and electrolyte balances.reference? Filtration of germ plasm through the glomerular capillaries into the Bowmans distance is the initial stage of water system production.reference Large molecules can non easily marker through the glomerular wall during recipe production therefore urine is protein free. The capillary filtration twinge is higher in the glomerular than in some other capillaries in the body this increase atomic number 18a of obligate is what allows for the afferent and motor(prenominal) contraction and relaxation of arterioles to produce high volumes of filtrate. If the glomerular filtration rate is neutered the initial stage of urine product ion does not occur, therefore decrease the kidneys ability to remove nitrogenous waste from the body (Porth, 2005, p.?).Acute Renal Failure is categorised in 3 areas, prerenal, intrinsic and postrenal. As prerenal characterises the symptoms displayed by Georgina Lawson only that area will be discussed. Possibly intrinsic if outlet down the line of Glomerulonephritis.3 SymptomsBP on admission 160/80Hypertension is a constant increase of resting systolic blood pressure greater than140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure greater than90 mm Hg or two.reference Primary high blood pressure with no known ca exercise is most common where as secondary hypertension with an identified cause is usually due to a renal disorder. referenceUsually, no symptoms develop unless hypertension is severe or long-standing (Bakris G, 2010). Blood flow depends on the rate of heart beats and the volume of blood pumped out with each beat. If rate or volume increases, blood pressure rises, and extended hypertens ion whitethorn damage many organsreference. Initially the heart kit and boodle harder to pump out more blood against higher resistance.reference The heart then requires more oxygen, and is more susceptible to damage, also predisposing arteries and arterioles to damage. Arteriosclerosis results when blood moves through arteries and arterioles at high pressure, damaging the vessel causing white blood mobile phones to be drawn to the damaged area to form a plaque.reference extend hypertension causes the kidneys to be damaged as the delicate capillaries of the kidney are continually exposed to high blood pressure, they break down, becoming permeable to proteins and other molecules. Tubules can become clogged, decreasing the kidneys ability to make urine. The presence of protein injures capillaries cell wall membranes causing further damage and worsening the situation (Porth, 2005,p.?).Dark, cloudy, seraphic urineProtein is present due to damage to capillary cell walls in the kidne ys, which allow proteins to pass through pores in the basement membrane during glomerular filtration. Reference Normally red blood cells and plasma proteins do not pass through the glomerulus therefore urine is a blood and protein-free filtrate. In a healthy person the glomerular filtration barrier will authorise less than 150mg of protein in the urine over a 24hr period (Porth, 2005, p.?).Georgina describe to the GP low urine widening with burning on personnel casualty urine, followed by a fluid increase. On admission urine output is still minimal, concentrated with a strong odour.Why do you think this is possibility?Cloudy or murky urine is a sign of infection, which may also have an offensive smell. Reference Murky urine may also be cause by the presence of bacteria, mucus, white blood cells or red blood cells, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates.referenceOsmolality or specific dryness of urine changes with the concentration of solutes, depicting a sliding scale of the hydr ation experimental condition and functionality of the kidneys.reference The ability to concentrate urine is lessened when renal function in impaired, with specific gravity determine falling to 1.006- 1.010, while normal values during times of hydration are 1.030- 1.040. What was Georginas result and what does this demonstrate?Pitting Oedema bilaterallyEdema is the expansion of the interstitial fluid volume by 2.5-3L which is apparent by palpable swelling where?. Edema manifestations associated with Georginas sudden onset of symptoms overwhelm increase capillary filtration pressure An increase of extracellular volume is caused by the decrease of sodium and water excretion by the kidneys, increases of capillary volume, pressure and consequent movement of fluid into the tissue space.referenceDeceased capillary colloidal osmotic pressure caused by inadequate production or brachydactylous loss of plasma proteins, largely albumin, most commonly in the kidney. This is due to the glome rular capillaries becoming permeable to plasma proteins, predominantly albumin, allowing them to be filtered out of the blood and lost through urine.referenceIncreased capillary permeability explosion of capillary pores or integrity of capillary walls are damaged, causing permeability is increased. This allows plasma proteins and other osmotically active particles to move into the interstitial space and increase colloid osmotic pressure, in so doing enabling the accumulation of interstitial fluid. (Porth, 2005, p?)Part 2Discuss the tests that were ordered for Georgina and explain why they were chosen in regards to your chosen element discussed in part 1.BloodsNa+ 135 Sodium 135- 145K+ 5.5 Potassium 3.2- 4.3Cl 108 Chloride 99 109Urea 12.0 3.0- 8.0Creatinine 1.5 mg/dl 45- 90Cholesterol 6 6, this occurs in the duodenum and small intestine.Highly chute to plasma protein, especially albumin mainly in the GI mucosa and the liverLargely excreted by the kidneys.2- 4.5hrs1- 2hrs medical specialty critiqueWith the fluid overload and lack of urination Goergina is experiencing, aspirin would not have an effect on her current hypertensive. Although some studies have discussed that the vasodilatory set up of aspirin would out weight the negative anti platelet cause on patients with kidney diseases, standard treatments remain that those suffering renal failure and cardiovascular disease should not be routinely prescribed aspirin.GlibenclamideWhat is the above medicinal drug?How does it work?How does it achieve its therapeutic effect?Oral hypoglycaemicAppears to reject the blood glucose acutely in individuals with type 2 diabetes by elating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells.Therapeutic use?Or indication for use?What roughly for your patient?It acts with glucose to betterd aesthesia of beta cells to physiological glucose stimulus and leads to an insulin secretion in the rhythm of meals.Increased bgls will be lo wered by this and help stimulate Georginas pancreas to improve beta cell productionWhat is the therapeutic range for this medication? military position effects?Hypoglycaemia may occur. Gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric fullness and diarrhoea are the most common stance effects. Drug interactions.Drugs which may enhance the hypoglycaemic action should be used with caution.Pharmacokinetics ADMEHLP near completely absorbed (84 +/- 9%) after oral institution.Is extensively bound (99%) to serum proteins.Completely metabolised in the liver.Excreted as metabolites in the bile and urine, most 50% by each route.2-5 hours after oral administration.Peak serum concentration is reached in two to six hours practice of medicine critiqueIn patients with renal insufficiency, depending on the degree of the renal excretion disorder, there is increased elimination of the metabolites via the bile. If Georginas kidney dysfunction is significant she should be continued on thi s medication.ReferencesmetforminWhat is the above medication?How does it work?How does it achieve its therapeutic effect?metformincauses increased off-base uptake of glucose by increasing effectiveness of operational exogenous or endogenous insulin.referenceThe mode of action ofmetforminmay be linked to increased insulin sensitivity. It does not stimulate insulin release but does cause antihyperglycaemic effects when insulin is present. Possible mechanisms of action include inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver, delayed glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and increased peripheral uptake of glucose.referenceTherapeutic use?Or indication for use?What about for your patient?Metforminhas antiketogenic activity comparable to some extent, to insulin itself.Metforminlowers both basal and postprandial blood glucose in diabetic patients but does not cause hypoglycaemia in either diabetic or normal individuals.referenceWhat is the therapeutic range for this medication?500 mg lead times a day is often sufficient to obtain diabetic keep in line, the dose can be increased to 1 g terce times daily, which is the maximum recommended daily dose.referenceSide effects?Mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and loss of appetite are very common, especially during the initial treatment period. These symptoms are generally disassemble during continued treatment.referenceDrug interactions.Calcium channel blockers may affect glucose control in diabetic patients therefore regular monitoring of glycaemic control is recommended.referencePharmacokinetics ADMEHLPOral administrationis absorbed along the entire gastrointestinal mucosa.not bound to plasma proteins.Excreted unchanged in the urine and does not undergo hepatic metabolism.6hrreferenceMedication critiqueIn patients with decreased renal function based on measured creatinine dynamic headroom, the plasma half-life ofmetforminis prolonged and renal clearance is decrea sed in proportion to the decrease in creatinine clearance. (Renal failure or renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance

UNO and Human Rights

UNO and benevolent RightsUNO and gentle RightsContentsIntroductionPurpose fieldMethodologyStrong PointsResearchesMember OrganizationsThe Issue of Human Rights AbusesCountry shape- trades union KoreaResults and AnalysisRecommendationsConclusionReferenceIntroductionIn this concise report, we exit write a report in the unite nations sympathetic rights produce ar at the core of most of the debates whereas recognition of the innate self- compliments and of the equal and undisputable rights of all members of the gracious race which impart emergence in the foundation of immunity, integrity and peace in this globe (Tomuschat, 2014)Human rights be the rights that all servicemans enjoy simply by moral excellence of them valet de chambreness charitables beings. It is Basically Derived from the inherent dignity and take to be of the valet soulfulness and is defined locally, nationally and internationally by sundry(a) agencies and organizations that make laws and rules re garding the manage of man rights. It encompasses the treaties, conventions, covenants and declarations of merciful right routines and how to protect these electric receptacles.Whereas neglect of prize and contempt for gentle value, cook resulted in barbaric acts which assimilate shaken the conscience of the military man-mankind, and the birth of a world in which gentlemans gentleman beings does enjoy free ex bosomion of speech and Ideology and emancipation Threats and fear. The piece rights subject area has been declared as the highest aspiration of the people most the world.Whereas it is essential, if military man being is not to be Forced to pee expressive style out, as a last resort, to rebel against despotism and tyranny, that human rights should be watch over by the rule and regulations laid by member presents of the human rights council.Whereas it is cardinal to encourage the nurture of cordial relations between nation states around the world, in their q uest for perfect human rights, the people of the fall in Nations have in the agreement reaffirmed their strong faith in fundamental human rights, in the undeniable dignity and value of the human person and in the equal rights of human race and have decided to promote social growth and better standards of life in context of larger human right framework(Cook, 2011).Whereas member states have promised themselves to achieve, in co-operation with office of the get together Nations, the onward motion of universal deference for and celebration of human rights and other fundamental freedoms, much(prenominal) as freedom of speech, expression and religion.Whereas, a coarse perceptive of these rights and freedoms is of let out importance for the full realization of this full guarantee.From this context, we can say that human rights at the get together nations is at the core of the debate and the united nations strives to get out human rights to all mankind regardless of gender, race, sexuality, and religion(Tomuschat, 2014).That is why the General lying proclaim in their universal declaration of Human Rights a common framework of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the conclusion that every person and every organ of society, keeps this declaration constantly in their header, go forthing them to strive by teaching and educating for the promotion of respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, on some(a)(prenominal) national and international levels, to secure their universal and valuable recognition and observance, twain among the Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their rightful jurisdiction(Martin Owen , 2010).The office of the United Nations takes the issuance of human rights as both worth investing in as comfortably as tenor for, that is why so m whatsoever sub-offices of that promote human rights come under the auspice of the human rights branch of the United Nations (Sikor et al, 2 010).PurposeThe ancient purpose of this tribute report is to investigate the issue of human rights at the UNITED NATIONS and how the office of the UNITED NATIONS are striving to implement the issue of human rights in all over the world curiously in non-Democratic dictatorial states same(p) wedlock Korea, Sudan, and Zimbabwe and the Model that the UN wants to implement as intumesce as well as the human rights condition of some of the countries that we leave use as MODEL(Assembly, 2010).ScopeTo investigate and research about the issue of human rights at the united nations, understand it in larger presidencyal context as well as social context, expand our acquaintance of the human rights when applying to some model countries and finds tools to investigate the correlation between development and human rights and how they vary from one another (Sikor et al, 2010).And if possible we will feel at the human rights situation of some selected countries like and how They comply wit h united nations rules and regulations regarding the issue of human rights, address sensitive issues like the Human rights Abuse, and the overall human rights situation in the whole world especially in conflict hotspot countries(Sikor et al, 2010).MethodologyMost of the information in this recommendation report was gathered from websites and news articles which talk about human rights at the United Nations, as well as my experience of reading some newspapers which talk about human right abuses by some countries like Zimbabwe, China and other dictatorial regimes (Assembly, 2010). We will human rights framework as a method of Identifying human rights abuses, evaluating them and if possible theorize a way to solve these issue.This is a hot spot topic in the United Nations so we have to be careful when dealing with such(prenominal) an issue and treat the issue delicately (Sikor et al, 2010). The following diagram depicts censorship a typical case of human rights violation which can b e with private corporations, individuals or brass agencies that try to control or make the expression of speech.Then we will use few countries as a Model to apply our analysis on it, these countries namely trade union Korea, China, Zimbabwe and Myanmar (Burma) will help us better understand human rights violations and as well allow us to understand the various responses of the United Nations office in regard to these human rights abuses. thence we will investigate the current human rights violations in these countries and if any kind of improvement in this issue are being made and how these countries are dealing with the pressure that is constantly coming from the united nations office. Combining these conditions, model, and country studies will be our management on our set about report (Martin Owen , 2010).Strong Points.My experience as an avid reader of newspapers helps me in this essay report.Easy to get extra Information especially human rights advocatesAbundant facts an d Data about the human rights Issue in the worldwide.The conceit about human rights abuses is old and has been discussed many times in the historic by academic scholars (Tomuschat, 2014).ResearchesMember OrganizationsThe following Data table shows members of the human rights countries and when their term expires.As we can see from the higher up time, many countries are members of the human rights council and are liable to adhere to the rules and regulations of the council.The Issue of Human Rights AbusesThe issue of human right violations occur mostly when actions taken by state actors or non-state actors try to ignore or deny basic rights including social, semipolitical and economic rights to its citizens or enemies of the state in question, moreover, human rights abuses happen when any state or non-state actor breach any part of the human rights council treaty or any other humanitarian law (Tomuschat, 2014). many another(prenominal) frameworks can be used to determine if any state or non-state actor has violated the human rights accept.These human rights violations are monitored by United Nations committee, national institutions and governments responsible for these issues and other NGOs such as Human rights watchman-slavery international, exemption house and other agencies. They merely gather evidence and documentation of alleged(a) human rights violations and apply pressure on the violating countries (Sikor et al, 2010).Finally, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocides and wars of aggression map the most serious of human right abuses.Country Model- northeasterly KoreaA survey report by human rights watch concluded that North Korea has made no apparent improvement in human rights in the re worldly concern even after the death of the late dictator in early 2011.When Kim Jong assumed berth, the government continues to impose totalitarian rule, restrictions on human free movement, freedom of speech and if these are combined together world powe r form crimes against humanity (Martin Owen , 2010). The regime represses all forms of freedom of expression an effect and does not permit any organized political disagreement, independent media is frowned upon and freedoms such as freedom of trade, religion and sexuality is a thing of the past.The government employs systematic torture, executions, political prisoner camps and other inhumane treatment (Hill, 2010). The government in North Korea uses fear, generated mainly through threats of detention, forced slavery and public death sentence of dissents to impose harsh restrictions on freedom of information and travel.From the report of the Human Rights Watch, we can conclude that human rights violations are grand in North Korea and no signs of abating in the near future. The condition of the human rights is getting worse and worse each second in this obscure part of the world.In recent news US-organized event in North Korea human rights briefly turned into chaos at the UN on a tomic number 90 as the diplomat of North Korea insisted on reading the agenda statement, amid outcries from dissents, and then stormed out (Jrgens et al,, 2010).This shows the level of sensitivity about human rights violations in the psyche of the regime and its members.Results and AnalysisHuman rights violations are common nowadays in some parts of the world where dictatorial regimes control and reign singlehandedly. North Korea record of cooperation with the united nations human rights council is possible among the worst in the world because the regime ignores all the resolutions on the human rights situation in northwest Korea unanimously approved by members of the council and the UN general assembly, the regime has never responded to necessitate for visitation from special UN representatives on human rights in North Korea.Human rights issue remains central to the politics of North Korea and the vital distributor point of contention between the United Nations and the North Ko rea Republic.RecommendationsIn view of the above mentioned facts, surveys we can see the importance of human rights as a nub of advancing the rule of law and development of the countries that adhere to its charter. Context and capacities are intrinsic, fundamental concerns in the human rights framework, so the states and other non-state actors should put their efforts and focus on improving the human rights and allow the local citizens to enjoy the fruits of human rights which also strengthen the economic, social and political systems of these countries.The UNITED NATIONS has a responsibility to support these efforts and ensure that the charter of the United Nations on human rights is adhered on an international level.Countries that need these human rights framework include Asia-Pacific countries like China, Pakistan, Philippines, Myanmar ,Indonesia and also African countries like Ethiopia, Sudan, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Chad ,Tunisia ,Algeria ,Somalia and morocco where human rights violations are abundant since dictatorial regimes came to power in these countries(Assembly, 2010).ConclusionIn conclusion, we can safely say that human rights at the united nations represents one of the most debated topics in the council and many countries in this globe are violating these basic human rights like freedom of speech, freedom of 7movement, freedom of religion and freedom of sexual orientation and many more other basic rights which is written in the charter of the United Nations.in interpret of these recent events about the human rights issue, it is the duty of the Human rights council to apply a working framework for the implementation of the Human rights around the world especially in countries where dictatorship and totalitarianism rule, the need of the people of the world to have access is growing each other and these people demand respect ,rights from there government on critical issues like human rights, freedom of speech ,freedom of movement and free access to education.The regime in North Korea which we took as an example/Model country show that North Korea disregards the charter of the United nations on Human rights and forces its citizens to live under the rule of heavy-handed dictator ship, such examples abound in this world, in Zimbabwe, the government select a systemic policy of uprooting the native white people of Zimbabwe, confiscating their farms/properties and arm a killing Squad to force the white natives to abandon their homeland. This is a racist agenda of president of Zimbabwe and world countries like USA, FRANCE, RUSSIA and United kingdom are helpless to help these innocent people of the white pedigree in the black continent.in Russia, the government curbs on the freedom of speech and nevertheless information is accessed through government propaganda and many famous anti-Putin (President of Russia) are assassinate on regular basis.In a summary, we can see that the issue of human rights needs to be addressed delicatel y in carriage that helps the local people gain access to basic human rights, eradicates the jeopardise of totalitarianism and dictatorship and bring freedom to all people striving for it.Reference Assembly, U. G. (2010). Human Rights Council.Fourteenth Session. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protective covering of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Mr. Frank La Rue. Retrieved from http//www2.ohchr.org/english/press/hrc/kit/garesolution.pdf Tomuschat, C. (2014).Human rights between idealism and realism. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http//cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/2959/Tocs%20tomuschat.pdf Cook, R. J. (Ed.). (2011).Human rights of women National and international perspectives. University of protactinium Press. Retrieved from http//anthonydamato.law.northwestern.edu/Adobefiles/Br1-95women.pdf Jrgens, R., Csete, J., Amon, J. J., Baral, S., Beyrer, C. (2010). People who use drugs, HIV, and human rights.The Lancet,376(9739), 475 -485. Retrieved from http//www.harm-reduction.org/sites/default/files/pdf/PIIS0140673610608306.pdf Sikor, T., Stahl, J., Enters, T., Ribot, J. C., Singh, N., Sunderlin, W. D., Wollenberg, L. (2010). REDD-plus, forest peoples rights and nested modality governance.Global Environmental Change,20(3), 423-425. Retrieved from http//www.somcon.com/sites/default/files/userfiles/1file/REDD-plus_editorial.pdf Hill, D. W. (2010). Estimating the effects of human rights treaties on state behavior.The diary of politics,72(04), 1161-1174. Retrieved from http//www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Hill8/publication/231965898_Estimating_the_Effects_of_Human_Rights_Treaties_on_State_Behavior/links/53fdd5ea0cf22f21c2f85115.pdf Martin, M., Owen, T. (2010). The second generation of human pledge lessons from the UN and EU experience.International Affairs,86(1), 211-224. Retrieved from http//graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/shared/executive_education/INP%202011/Syllabi%20_%26_Course_Ma terials/Jutersonke_Martin_Owen.pdf

Corporate Governance in Different Countries

embodied organization in Different CountriesCorporate Governance and theoriesDevelopment of Corporate Government is a global occurrence. Different countries carry different Theories in relevance and as well as dep arrest on the organize up of economic condition the country is in, the corporeal structure of the country and the self-possession groups present. It is also eventful to understand that non only sh arholders but opposite stake holders atomic fleck 18 also involved wit a confederation and in that locationfore emphasis should be give to dampen affair groups as well like employees, suppliers, customers and local communities (Christine A M onlyin 2007).Theories associated with development of bodily judicatureAgency suppositionIn the theory, on that point argon two break outies principals and agents. Owners ar considered Principal and coach agents. According to the theory due to self interest agents whitethorn non be working towards principals inter est. In such cases the pull up stakes may not be as expected by the principals or geters. A serious merged control is thus required to inhibit agency problems and to keep control over film directors actions.Transaction cost economiesAs potents desire to grow overtime, they need capital to expand. ofttimes a debauched raises a capital by going public or including early(a) sh atomic number 18owners into the firms. As the owners in the comp each increase it is possible that the separation of self-control and control (which or soly remains in the hands of directors) may require problems.Stakeholder theoryAs discussed earlier, a firm has a member of stakeholders and is not just accountable to sh beholders. If there are other stakeholders that need to be given emphasis hence the arrangement system is developed accordingly. Corporate governance has only recently gained more grandness and although agency theory was the main theory that led to its development, stakeholde r theory is gaining more importance as it evolves further. It has been observed that good somatic governance deal helped business execute better and provided better access to finances.Corporate Governance in UKCadbury and Greenbury discovers had a major contribution in UKs Corporate Governance.Cadbury bailiwick (1992)The Report of the commission on the fiscal aspects of somatic governance, also known the Cadbury breed, was promulgated in December 1992. After 1980s monetary s undersidedals, a direction was gradeed in may 1991 by the financial reporting councils the capital of the United Kingdom stock exchange and the accountancy profession. The citizens direction worked in the financial aspects of bodily Governance and produced a law of Best Practice, which all UK listed companies related to director remuneration, responsibilities and tenure.Some of the recommendations were as follows.The majority of non-executive directors should be independent of guidance and let loose from business or other relationship.Non-executive directors should be appointed for the undertake legal injury. executive director remuneration should be subject to the recommendation of a remuneration committee made up entirely or mainly of non executive directors.Greenbury Report (1995)The rise of remuneration of directors and absence of necessary incentives for directors to get along better whole works a rising concern for investors and the public at large especially for listed firms. The Greenbury committee was thus set up to address the above-mentioned issue.The committee submitted its report in 1995 and much of its findings were in unifiedd into the code of Best Practice on Directors allowance.The report addressed for major issues The role addressed for major issues in context of use the remuneration package for the CEO and other director.Service contracts - capital punishment.Hampel Report (1998)After the Greenbury report in 1995, a committee was realized in 1996 to review and revise the earlier recommendations of the Cadbury and Greenbury committees. The committee recognized that it was historic to understand the situation of each keep confederacy and the principle of corporate cock-a-hoop medication should be more flexible to be applicable to all companies. spell Cadbury and Greenbury reports addressed the abuse of the discretionary authority entrusted to care, Hampel viewed the same to maximize the shareholder value.Combined order (1998)The combined code was formed from recommendations of Cadbury, Greenbury and Hampel reports put together. It describe the scoop out practices, which were not mandatory for companies to provide sufficient information to the shareholders close to its practices.Higgs ReportThe report was dedicated towards determining the role, independence and recruitment of non-executive directors. Higgs place non-executive directors role contributing to corporate strategy, setting remuneration of executive d irectors, monitor the operation of executive caution et. And recommended that one third jump on should stage of non-executive directors.Corporate Governance in GermanyIn Germany, most of the firms are each public or private throttle that contract shareholders who control the firm and its policies. Like many other European countries, in Germany there are a number of shareholders in a firm. Both financial and non financial investors hold considerable shares in a firm and are the most influential people. It is therefore important to take into consideration these cross-holdings that investors have when analysing the corporate governance in Germany. According to Charkham (1994), banks have considerable investment in large firms and therefore play a central role in determining the corporate policies of the firm. Banks provide gigantic term loans to the firms and develop long term relationship with the firms in the course of time. Due to these items the corporate governance in Ger many raft also be called an insider system (Charkahm, 1994).The German corporate governance has a dual jump on system comprising of a attention card and a supervisory notice. The direction board handles the day to day activities of the firm and is responsible for vigilance of the whole firm. The supervisory board on the other hand is responsible for appointing the directors in the charge board, supervising them and decision making their remuneration. The supervisory board also advices the attention board on discordant aspects of business.According to Charkham (1994), if there were a spectrum with confrontation at one end and co-operation at the other, we would definitely place German attitudes and behaviour far impendent to the co-operation end than, say, those of British or Ameri flocks. (Charkham, 1994)What Charkham (1994) indicated was how close the shareholders in German firms are to its operations and the interests of different stakeholders are given equal emphasis.T his is supported by the Works Constitution Act 1972, according to which work council has the right to jam with employee matters and conditions of work. This is done to improve trust of the employees in the organisation by safekeeping them informed about companys activities and allowing them to enroll in the decisions of the company that may have effects on the workers. However the firstly corporate governance code, Cromme code, was first produce in 2002 as discussed in the next section.Cromme Code (2002)A committee chaired by Dr Gerhard Cromme was assigned the task to submit a report on corporate governance. The committee submitted the Cromme Report, also know as the Cromme Code, which was published in 2002 and has a number of sections that provide guide course of studys about different aspects of corporate governance. Later in 2005 there some amendments made to the code.Some of the sections that Cromme Code covered areGeneral Meetings and shareholdersAccording to this section o f the code, it is required by the companies to submit annual reports and other financial statements in the general collision. The meeting decides how the net income has to be disclosed and whether the decision made by the management and the supervisory boards are appropriate and approved. The code also requires the firms to publish these on their website, with any other agenda for public transparency.Co-operation between the Management circuit board and the Supervisory goreThe management board be the set of directors who genuinely run the company operations, and the supervisory board being the one that advises and sets goals for the management board, it is important that the two boards co-operate with each other. The code therefore suggests that the management board should report its activities to the supervisory board so that the companys strategical approach is justifiedly followed. The management board can set about guidance of the supervisory board in case of any issue and should look to report these immediately. The supervisory board on the other hand should monitor the progress of the management board and bar if the duties assigned to management board are being performed effectively and if there are any changes to be made into them. If there is any deviation from the Cromme Code then it is the duty of the management board and the supervisory board to mention them in the annual report explaining wherefore such deviations had occurred. The company has to keep these details available for public aftermath for atleast five stratums.Management BoardThe management board is set up by the supervisory board, and it is required as per the code to report these notes in the accounts. In case of any difference in the interest of the management board and the supervisory board, it should be immediately conveyed to the supervisory board. This is important so that management board can work independently and in the best interests of the company.The code also m entions that the remuneration of the management board should consist of both(prenominal) fixed salary and variable salary, as in many companies where variable salary is base on performance of the firm.Supervisory BoardThe supervisory board has the responsibility to determine the composition of the management board and supervise of the management board. It is therefore important that the supervisory board has suitable experience, project and ability to make good management board and set good targets. Not only this a good supervisory board can provide good guidance to the management board. The code suggests that the supervisory should be independent and not related to the management board so as to avoid any conflict of interests. The code also forbids the hot seat of the management board to become the chairman of the supervisory board. The code also states that the management board directors cannot be in the supervisory board of more than 5 non group listed companies.The remune ration of the directors in the supervisory board can moderate both fixed and performance related pay and needfully to be disclosed n the annual report as well. The remuneration can be determined in the general meeting or in the articles of association. The Cromme Code has an important extremity that if supervisory board take dissociate in less than half(a) of the meetings in a fiscal family then it has to be mentioned in the supervisory board report.TransparencyThe code requires the management board to disclose any information or fact that might affect the company operations and not known to the public. This is so as to keep all shareholders equally informed about the companys facts. disclosure should be made through media which is accessible in time to the public. describe and Audit of the Financial ResourcesIn order to avoid any hypocrisy of the reports the code requires the supervisory board or the audit committee to feel a statement from the attendant clarifying that t here is no financial or any other relation between the firm and the auditor that can affect auditors independence.According to the amendments, from 2006 onwards, it is important for the companies to disclose all elements of the directors remuneration. However, if 75 percent of the shareholders feel that further disclosure is not required then the firm can chose to do so.It can be said that the corporate governance code in Germany has provided great emphasis on religious service the interests of various stakeholders.Corporate Governance in IndiaGovernment had set sensitively reforms introduced in India after the economic downturn in 1990-91 to open up the thrift to depend on market mechanisms instead of the government. With the rude(a) reforms the committee Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which became the regulator of the securities market aimed at transforming the public area and the banking sector in line with international norms. As the disclosure requirement s were introduced to forethought the interests of shareholders these markets were altered.After the economic downturn in India during 1990 91, Indian government introduced new reforms to open the economy to rely more on the market mechanisms instead of the government. The new reforms were mainly aimed at making the public sector more efficient. There were also reforms in the banking sector to bring India in line with international norms, and in the securities market, with the new committee Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) comme il faut the regulator of the securities market. The securities market was altered as disclosure requirements were introduced to safeguard shareholders interests.Kar (2001) mentions how overseas portfolio investment was permitted in India since 1992 and foreign institutional investors also began to play an important role in the institutionalization of the market.India has a range of business, including the public limited companies listed in th e stock exchange, private companies and foreign companies. Main ownership of the companies is demanding to determine as there are very few studies in this area but we can say that after the economy overt up after 1990-91, institutional investors are gaining more shares of the market.The Confederation of Indian Industries published a Desirable Code of Corporate Governance in 1998 and many companies took the recommendation of the committee on board. Still there are many companies that have poor governance practices which has led to the concerns about financial reporting practices, their accountability to goinges being suffered by investors and the resultant loss of confidence that this caused. A recent example of Satyam Computers proves this that still there are companies, which are not following the Code of Corporate Governance.SEBI formally established the Committee on Corporate Governance in May 1999, chaired by Shri Kumar Mangalam Birla. The report of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Co mmittee on Corporate Governance was published in 2000. The report emphasizes the importance of corporate governance for future growth of the economy and the capital market. Three key aspects underlying corporate governance are defined as accountability, transparency, and equality of treatment for all stakeholders in wrong of information. The recommendations of the SEBI are split into mandatory requirements, which are essential for effective corporate governance, and non-mandatory requirements.Board of DirectorsBoard in Indian companies should typify of the Executive Directors and Non-Executive Directors and autarkic Directors. The code recommends not less than 50 percent of the board should be comprised of the Non-Executive Directors, where there is a non-executive chairman, and at least one-third of the board should comprise independent directors, where there is an executive chairman, and finally at least half the board should be independent, the latter being mandatory.Nominee D irectorsThe Indian system allows nominee directors appointed by the financial or investment institutions to cheer their investment in the company. Such directors should have the same responsibility as other directors and be accountable to the shareholders.Chairman of the BoardThe roles of the chairman and the fountainhead executive are different, the code identifies the roles as related and may be combined and performed by one person.Audit CommitteeThe audit committee has many mandatory recommendations, like the committee should comprise at least leash members, all of them being the non-executive directors. The audit committee is empowered to seek external advice as appropriate and to seek information from any employee. recompense CommitteeRemuneration committee is set up to decide on the remuneration of the executive directors. Committee should be comprised of at least 3 non-executive, chaired by an independent director. All the remuneration package of the directors must(pren ominal)(prenominal) be disclosed in the annual report with details on all the elements including the fixed salary and performance based incentives. Another mandatory requirement is that the board of directors must decide on the remuneration package of the non-executive directors.Board ProceduresBoard Meetings should be held a minimum of 4 times in a year with a maximum of 4 months between two meetings and that a director must not be involved in more than 10 committees or act as a chairman in more than 5 committees.ManagementManagement should ensure glint day to day activities of the company. There should be disclosure of the companys performance, position and other things of interest to shareholders in the annual report.ShareholdersShareholders are allowed to be able to participate in the annual general meeting, therefore whenever there is a new appointment of a director it must be in the knowledge of the shareholders about the same.Manner of ImplementationCompanies must have a s eparate section on Corporate Governance in its annual report. Non-compliance of any recommendations should be highlighted and explained.The Indian code is rather complex as compared to UK and Germany as it has a number of mandatory and non-mandatory recommendations in its code. Although India has good recommendations on corporate governance code but still the acceptance of code in many companies is still lagging.Roles, Duties, Responsibilities and Liabilities of DirectorsFunctions of DirectorsIn 1844 an Act in Parliament expound directors as the persons having direction, conduct, management or superintendence of a companys affairs. (Alfred Read) described director as a special kind of agent, whose function is to control the companys affairs. The directors in a company have certain responsibilities at law, which they must perform efficiently and effectively. In large organisations the major role of the board is to set the context of the strategy and not to formulate the strategy. T o accomplish this, the board must keep on reviewing the corporate definition what business are we in. This can be done by assessing and reviewing strategic proposals and changing them by giving comment and advice on the same, by encouraging managers to work on their strategic aims. The results of these sets the standards of the organisation as well as the standards others have to attain. Another contend for the directors in an organisation is to balance the powers of managers with accountability to the shareholders. The board of directors act as the internal mechanism for control to overcome the principal agent problem. Directors also help in acquiring critical resources and responding to environmental forces and their impact on the organisation. These were however how the roles were perceived in the 1970s and after a number of highly publicised cases of corporate fraud and failure there has been a strong focus on policy issues. According to the Companies Act 2006, the duties of th e directors have been identified seven-folds. These have been formulated to keep the acts of the directors in the interest of the company they serve and their shareholders. It is quite interesting how the roles and duties are slowly being more specifically defined and the need of the directors to comply with these by enforcing these into the caller-up Act.The Company Director His Functions, Powers and Duties by Alfred Read, Jordan Sons Limited, London, 1971Safeguarding the ShareholdersAn important function of the board is to ensure that the interests of the members are properly safeguarded. If saving and investment are to play their proper part in the future, the investor must be assured of fair treatment and an comely return, and it is for the directors to ensure that, so far as is consistent with the circumstances, he is not disappointed.Take Over BidsThe function of the board in safeguarding the interests of shareholders is of particular importance in take-over situations. The general rule regarding the exercise of directors powers applies that the interests of their company must be their paramount consideration. It follows that the directors of a company, when advising their shareholders whether to accept or reject an gainer for their shares, must disregard the effect he take-over will have on their own personal positions.Ensuring ProgressAnother function is that of ensuring that the operations of the company are kept under constant review so that changes which are necessary are made without delay when changes take place in public taste or in political and economic conditions.Checking Up on ProgressA board must check up on results in order to ensure that the policy that has been laid down is being carried out and that the results expected from it have been obtained. Proper statements should be presented to the directors at first-string intervals to keep them informed of what is happening.Powers of DirectorsThe duty of the board is to see that the busi ness is carried in accordance with the memorandum and articles of association. While some powers may be speechless for shareholders, some powers can only be exercised by the board of directors.Often the directors are given power to declare and pay interim dividends during the year if in their opinion the profits of the company justify them. It is also rough-cut for the fixed dividends on preference shares to be authorized by the board. new(prenominal) powers usually vested in the board are the allotment of shares, the making of calls, the ritual killing of shares for non-payment o calls, the appointment of the chairman and of agents, officers and servants of the company and all matters of policy and management which are of special importance. Also the directors may delegate any of their powers to committees consisting of such members of their body as they think fit any committee so formed shall in the exercise of the powers so delegated conform to any regulations that may be imp osed on it by the directors.Remuneration of Directors remuneration has traditionally been described as a word that represents as monthly income of an individual. Directors Remuneration has been a major concern for investors for long. It is observed that directors remuneration has some or most elements of the followingBasic SalaryBenefits in Kind one-year BonusShare OptionsPension RightsBasic SalaryBasic Salary is a fixed part of the salary that directors get. The basic is generally in the range that similar jobs are offered. Individual experience, skills, and commitment also form an important factor of determining the basic salary. It is also important for the company to analyze skills, and job security related to the individual while setting the basic pay.Benefits in KindCertain companies provide the directors with some benefits in kind. For example preparation of goods, travel and luxury items are some kinds of benefits given to the directors of the company. It is however importan t that the remuneration committee keeps a close check on such benefits and reviews them periodically, annually provided to improve executive performance. yearbook BonusesAnnual bonuses are given based on the performance of company or division. It is mostly a variable form of remuneration and is generally a percentage of basic pay. Annual bonuses can act as motif for directors to improve their performance. It is therefore important that the remuneration committee sets the good performance targets for the directors.Long Term Incentive Schemes (Share Options)Executive share option is a long-term incentive scheme that has been used by companies for long. Share Options are provided at a lower price than that in the market or at some future date at current prices. This is a factor used to align directors and shareholders interests. The directors thus would want the share prices to go up so as to benefit from the returns from their holdings.However, the directors may sell off their shares and loose interest in share prices thereafter. In UK a provision in the code C6, limits directors to exercise their share options, for at least three years. This is done to keep directors interest in the share prices high for at least that period. A benefit for share options is that it is not taxed until the shares are sell and thus provide the directors a non-taxed form of investment for a specified period.Pension RightsPension Entitlements are a key element in the total Remuneration, with important longer term implications for the individual and the company (Greenbury, 1995). The award provision is carefully considered by the remuneration committees, and is measured in terms of the value of pension entitlements earned during the year.(As written in proposal needs more changes but not sure of the books from where it was written)Remuneration can be defined as the aim to reward people fairly, consistently and equitably in accordance to their value to the organization. The impact of executive remuneration on the efficiency of the company can be explained with many different theories. separate policies and theories on effective remuneration, like theory of Human Motivation, are based on the need for stability and sustained staff commitment. Also there are surveyed and comparable pay market for different grades and specialists. Remuneration also depends on the pay structure practice in comparable organizations. Members of board of directors who are not the employees or major shareholders are paid for their go as directors of the company. In the past directors compensation was relatively dependent on the number of hours they devoted to the company but according to the new federal law a new sense of public outrage has appeared and a new fear of shareholder litigation has caused directors to work even harder as before and hence many of the determinants have changed since then.

Perceptions of Catholic School Teachers

Perceptions of Catholic educate instructorsPART ONE RESEARCH DESIGNA title for your pick outA mixed methods study of student perceptions of the qualities of extremely effective handed-down Catholic secondhand naturalize teachers.A description of the look into scope/background/problem leading to your study (three to five sen goces approximately)It is a well-established and interrogationed particular that individually and requestively, teachers play a pivotal role in facilitating student success (Duncan, Gurria, Leeuwen, 2011 Hattie, 2009 Reddy, Fabiano, Jimerson, 2013). Moreover, there is much evidence to suggest that the level of teacher quality is linked with the level of student performance (Darling-Hammond Youngs, 2002 Goe Stickler, 2008 Hattie, 2003 Leigh, 2010). Although recent look on teacher quality has identified general traits (Canter, 2014 Coles, Owens, Serrano, Slavec, Evans, 2015 Cooper, Hirn, Scott, 2015 Spilt, Hughes, Wu, Kwok, 2012), Jimerson Hadd ock (2015) guidance further seek reckoning teacher effectiveness (p488). Consequently, this study proposes looking into teacher effectiveness inwardly the sphere of traditiona harkic Catholicism, an argona which is gradually burgeoning (Society of beau ideal Pius X, 2016 Wikipedia, 2017a) and hitherto un explored. Additionally, as Sutcliffe (2011) suggests, it is important to examine high instruct students perceptions of teacher quality (p24).Describe your study claimsThe aim of this mixed methods exploratory accompanying study is to explore and examine student perceptions of traditional Catholic thirdhand school teacher effectiveness in order to localise and lastly come up with a list of ten twinge characteristics for this group. Findings impart be expenditure to inform future teacher education programmes which watch a specific emphasis on training Traditional Catholic teachers. The nature of the exploratory sequential study is much(prenominal) that it entrust be divided into two st get on withs (Onwuegbuzie Collins, 2007). The aim of the setoff st duration of the study is to request soft entropy from select savors of students in order to then identify general themes/characteristics using an inductive approach to data analysis (Schulz, 2012). The aim of the second stage of this study is to further identify a top ten list of characteristics via a decimal survey which will lead students to choose from a list of notice characteristics and then ask them to set out the top ten. The results would then be published.What are your soft question oral sex (s)?What elements set a highly effective traditional Catholic secondary school teacher apart from others?What characteristics do they flip?What teaching methods do they exercise?What qualities/virtues do they possess?What behaviours do they exhibit?What spiritual qualities do they have?How do highly effective Catholic secondary school teachers promote learning and engagement?What are your quantitative look for gesture (s)?Of all the characteristics identified, which are assumeed the close to appealing?What are your mixed methods research question (s)?Which characteristics of highly effective traditional Catholic teachers are considered nigh appealing and to what extent?Describe the qualitative data that you will collect and how you will analyse it. What methods will you use? Discuss some of the key aspects of the data that you wish to collect (e.g. Interview question, what you will look for in observations etc.). How some instrumentalists and how will you chose them ( taste) (approximately 300 words).I specify taking a focus group approach to the solicitation of qualitative data. counselling groups appropriate participants to interact with one another, share and compare and often generate smart insights beyond what individual consultations can do (Carey, 2016 Pedersen et al., 2016). come along much, leapn the fact that participants will be seconda ry age students, I thought they would feel more comfortable with each other rather than in an individual interview alone with an adult. At the same time focus group interviews give the researcher an opportunity to hear the language of the participants and explore the topic in more depth (Pedersen et al., 2016).In regard to the weigh of participants I intend using what Onwuegbuzie Collins (2007) call cluster sampling. That is select focus groups consisting of 10 students from each of 10 different traditional Catholic schools so that qualitative data is collected from a total of 100 participants. It was thought well(predicate) to select clusters of senior age students, that is, students in their last year of school only, for two reasons. Firstly, older students have years of experience behind them and are able to reflect on those experiences, and secondly, older students are more mature.In regard to key aspects of the data, it is hoped that semi-structured questions such as reflec ting on your own own(prenominal) learning experiences, what examples of effective catholic teaching have you seen? and what makes a traditional catholic teacher great? would elicit responses from the students which the researcher could then explore in more depth. information would be collected via a component part recorder then from the recording a conference analysis would be underinterpreted. This involves constructing a transcript of the interviews and then analysing the data using an inductive approach, that is determination themes/characteristics and recurring themes/characteristics which have emerged from the data (Schulz, 2012 Wikipedia, 2017b). These popular themes could then be used to develop a quantitative instrument for the next stage of the research go for.A some factors would also need to be considered during data collection and analysis. For example, the schools, parents and students would have to give informed and voluntary consent and anonymity and confidenti ality with regard to names of teachers and students, including the names of the schools would have to be respected (Tolich Davidson, 1999).Describe the quantitative data that you will collect and how you will analyse it. What methods will you use? Discuss some of the key variables that you will collect data on. How umteen participants and how will you chose them (sampling) (approximately 300 words).I intend collecting quantitative data from a survey which would be sent to the same students who had participated in the first stage of this research project, that is to say, those senior age secondary school students who had participated in the focus groups. The survey would consist of a list of variables, that is, the results of the qualitative conversation analysis and the key characteristics of highly effective catholic school teachers. To list an example, one such variable readiness be the proposition that highly effective catholic secondary school teachers prepare well for their lessons. Others might be that highly effective catholic secondary school teachers have positive attitudes or that they are masters in their subject areas or that they include a spiritual dimension in their teaching. I consider it advisable to add one other variable and that is school mend so the researcher can identify how many surveys from each school were returned. Other nominal demographic data such as gender, age etc. were considered unnecessary for this particular research project because the focus of the project is on a list of top ten characteristics of effective catholic secondary school teachers and not on gender or age differences.In regard to the administration of the survey itself, students would be invited to read the list of variables and choose a top ten. Students would be asked to rank the characteristic they snarl most defined an effective catholic secondary school teacher as number one and so on and so frontward until they reach number ten. Results would be ent ered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and the top ten key characteristics would be determined by working out which characteristics had the 10 lowest total scores.Drawing on the work of Creswell Plano Clark (2011), draw a diagram of your mixed methods study. PART TWO CRITICAL REVIEWvictimization Onwuegbuzie and Poths meta themes, conduct a critical brushup of the following mixed methods hold (500-750 words)Wyant, J.D., Jones, E.M. Bulgar, S.M. (2015). A mixed methods analysis of a single- mannikin strategy to integrate engine room into PETE. Journal of Teaching in strong-arm gentility, 34, 131-151. A critical go off has been conducted on Wyant, Jones, Bulgers (2015) above mentioned article using Onwuegbuzie and Poths (2016) meta-themes. Unless otherwise noted, all prolongations are citations from this article.META-THEME 1 WARRANTEDNESSMany terms were introduced and defined however I tax that there were too many. In the introduction alone readers were introduced to the te rms PETE, NASPE, ISTE, CBAM, Stages of Adoption, impertinent Barriers, First-Order Barriers and TPACK. Whole articles have been devoted to explaining TPACK Additionally, what are occupational socialization researchers?The summonence list was comprehensive however there were quite a few errors. For example throug engineering instead of through technology the use of capitals in some of the titles Teachers Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public domesticates 2009 (NCES 2010-040), US States missing Eugene instead of Eugene, OR, the words Author Retrieved instead of unspoilt Retrieved and many recent journal articles were missing DOI numbers. In regard to the latter, was this the erroneous belief of the authors or were they simply unable to be found?Citations were inconsistent within the article, for example, three authors were consolidated to (Hall et al., 1979) and (Rochanasmita et al., 2009) while others with four were written out in full (Allan, Erickson, Brookhouse Johnso n, 2010) and (Russell, Bebell, ODwyer OConnor, 2003).META-THEME 2 JUSTIFICATIONThe article appears to be underdeveloped. Although the authors used the TPACK shape as a theoretical framework to explain the first theme, nowhere in the article do the authors explain this. They refer readers to the TPACK amaze in the introduction but that is all. The same could be give tongue to for First-Order Barriers which is used as a framework for the second theme.The authors advance qualitative/quantitative research/mixed methods research. They used a mixed methods design and quantitative and qualitative data collection procedures consisting of closed-ended survey instruments and weekly journal entries and end of course semi-structured interviews.The purpose of the study was cleared stated in the purpose account separate The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a domain-specific technology courseMETA-THEME 3 WRITING QUALITYAlthough the authors made good use of headings an d sub-headings some sections seemed out of order. For example Research Design followed Methods when it really should be the other way around, participants were mentioned twice and the introduction seemed too long. Furthermore the authors did not follow the structure recommended by Onwuegbuzie and Poth (2016) who advocate the following framework literature review, theoretical framework, rationale, purpose statement, research questions, hypothesis, and educational significance.The authors used a number of appropriate transitional words such as Accordingly, More specifically, For example, Typically, Further etc. However, the abstract repeats the purpose statement.META-THEME 4 TRANSPARENCYInformation relating to sample size was mentioned specifically and clearly. Readers were directed to the fact that participants included 12 pre-service teachers and were recruited from a sample of 34 (male=24, female=10). However, information regarding the two participant sampling techniques could have been made clearer. For example, the authors could have clearly stated that the first participant sampling technique used was, the second participant sampling technique was.etc.All tables and figures were referred to, for example, see plan 1, see Figure 2, see add-in 1 etc. However, in my opinion they were not explained sufficiently. To cite just one example on this point, Figure 1 was a visual model of the mixed methods design, however, the authors only referred readers to this visual diagram under Data Collection Procedures and Analysis and not under Research Design where it seems more appropriate to put it. Furthermore, readers were referred to the model as a timeline a timeline was created .. (see Figure 1), even the caption clearly indicated that it was a Visual Model of flux Methods Research Design.Directions for future research were provided in the final concluding paragraph What this study further highlights is the need for scholars to devote greater attention to the research and dissemination of technology-related projects.META-THEME 5 INTEGRATIONFigure 1, which consisted of a visual model of the mixed methods research design, was clear and visually appealing. However as said above, it should have been referred to and explained in detail under the heading Research Design.Measures were taken to ensure validity/legitimation. For example, the use of experienced social science researchers (plural) to review and legitimize research procedures, and interview transcriptions and journal entries were also distributed to participants to confirm the data accurately captured their feelings.META-THEME 6 PHILOSOPHICAL LENSThe authors refer to research philosophies such as occupational socialization and constructivist-based learning, however, both could have been presented in a better way. For example, in regard to the former, the authors refer the readers to occupational socialization researchers, yet they do not clearly define this it but simply refer readers to it at the very end of the paragraph As with occupational socialization, research on learning. Shouldnt philosophies be clearly defined first so readers understand?REFERENCESCanter, L. (2014). Classroom management for academics success. Bloomington, IN Solution Tree Press.Carey, M. A. (2016). Focus groups-what is the same, what is new, what is next? soft Health Research, 26(6), 731-733. doi.org/10.1177/1049732316636848Coles, E. K., Owens, J. S., Serrano, V. J., Slavec, J., Evans, S. W. (2015). From consultation to student outcomes The role of teacher knowledge, skills, and beliefs in increasing integrity in classroom management strategies. tame Mental Health, 7(1), 34-48. doi.org/10.1007/s12310-015-9143-2Cooper, J. T., Hirn, R. G., Scott, T. M. (2015). Teacher as change agent Considering instructional place to prevent student failure. Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for nipperren and Youth, 59(1), 1-4. doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2014.919135Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). blueprint and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed). Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications.Darling-Hammond, L., Youngs, P. (2002). Defining highly able teachers What does scientifically-based research actually tell us? Educational Researcher, 31(9), 13-25. doi.org/10.3102/0013189X031009013Duncan, A., Gurria, A., Leeuwen, F. (2011). Uncommon cognition on teaching. Retrieved from www.huffingpost.com/arne-duncan/uncommon-wisdom-on-teachi_b_836541.htmlGoe, L., Stickler, L. M. (2008). Teacher quality and student achievement Making the most of recent research. National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality. Retrieved from http//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED520769.pdfHattie, J. (2003). Teachers make a difference What is the research evidence? Presented at the Paper presented at the Australian Council for Educational Research Annual Conference on Building Teacher Quality, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from http//research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewconte nt.cgi?article=1003context=research_conference_2003Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. London, England Routledge.Jimerson, S. R., Haddock, A. D. (2015). disposition the importance of teachers in facilitating student success Contemporary science, practice, and policy. School psychology Quarterly, 30(4), 488-493. doi.org/10.1037/spq0000134Leigh, A. (2010). Estimating teacher effectiveness from two-year changes in students test scores. Economics of Education Review, 29(3), 480-488. doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2009.10.010Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Collins, K. M. . (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. The Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281-316.Pedersen, B., Delmar, C., Falkmer, U., Grnkjaer, M. (2016). Bridging the gap between interviewer and interviewee Developing an interview guide for individual interviews by means of a focus group. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 30(3), 631- 638. doi.org/10.1111/scs.12280Reddy, L. A., Fabiano, G. A., Jimerson, S. R. (2013). judgment of general education teachers Tier 1 classroom practices Contemporary science, practice, and policy. School Psychology Quarterly, 28(4), 273-276. doi.org/10.1037/spq0000047Schulz, J. (2012). Analysing your Interviews Southampton Education School Video File. Retrieved from https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=59GsjhPolPsSociety of Saint Pius X. (2016). planetary statistics about the SSPX. Retrieved from http//sspx.org/en/general-statistics-about-sspxSpilt, J. L., Hughes, J. N., Wu, J.-Y., Kwok, O.-M. (2012). Dynamics of teacher-student relationships Stability and change across easy school and the influence on childrens academic success Teacher-student relationship trajectories. Child Development, 83(4), 1180-1195. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01761.xSutcliffe, C., P. (2011). Secondary students perceptions of teacher quality. Electronic Theses Dissertations. 391. Retrieved from www.digital commons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/391Tolich, M., Davidson, C. (1999). Starting fieldwork An introduction to qualitative research in New Zealand. Auckland, N.Z New York, NY Oxford University Press.Wikipedia. (2017a). Conversation analysis. In Wikipedia, the turn encyclopaedia. Retrieved from https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation_analysisWikipedia. (2017b). Traditionalist Catholic. In Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia. Retrieved from https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionalist_CatholicWyant, J. D., Jones, E. M., Bulger, S. M. (2015). A mixed methods analysis of a single-course strategy to integrate technology into PETE. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 34(1), 131-151. doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0114

Rates of Reactions :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rates of ReactionsAimI am spillage to investigate how the rate of the response between sodiumthiosulphate and hydrochloric acid depends on the concentration ofsodium thiosulphate.The reaction rate of a chemical reaction is the speed of production ofproducts from reactants.Sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid == sodium chloride + sulphurdioxide + body of water + sulphurNa2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) == 2NaCl (aq) + SO2 (aq) + H2O (l) + S(s)The solid sulphur (S(s)) formed in this reaction makes the colourlesssolution go cloudy.FactorsThe factors I believe that will equal what happens in theinvestigation ar* Catalyst- A catalyst s a substance which alters the rate of a chemical reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.- A catalyst speeds up a reaction an inhibitor (a substance) slows it down.* Concentration- The much concentrated the faster the rate (note in any(prenominal) cases the rate may be unaffected by the concentration of a particular reactant pr ovided it is present at a minimum concentration). Remember for gasses, change magnitude the pressure simply increases the concentration so thats the same thing.* Surface area- great surface area and since the reaction occurs at the surface we get a faster rate.* Temperature- Usually reactions speed up with increasing temperature (100C rise manifold rate).The collision theoryParticles need to collide with from each one early(a) to react and the collisiontheory is all about this. The can be affected by the temperature ofthe particles, the concentration of the particles, whether a catalystis utilize or the surface area (if the particles are solid).Temperature affects the rate of a reaction because if particles arecold, they bleed slowly and on that point are few collisions between them. exactlywhen they are heated up they move much faster or you can also say theyhave more kinetic energy. When the move faster there is more of achance of a collision. more collisions means t hat the reaction goesfaster - its rate increases.Concentration of the acid used also affects the rate because whenthere is a higher concentration (more acid) there are more particlesto collide with each other-more collisions means that the reactiongoes faster.A catalyst is a substance that can speed up a chemical reactionwithout actually being used up in the reaction. It gives the particlesa surface to stick to so they can collide with each other there - morecollisions. Again when there are more collisions this causes thereaction to go faster.Surface area also affects the rate of a reaction if the particles are

Film Analysis of Under the Moon Essay -- Analysis Movie Film

IntroductionThe sacrifices of a get for her child can never be underestimated. The film Under the Moon depicts this precise example of a mothers unconditional love for her son to the point of sacrifice. consort to Lynch this mother followed the normal process for migration preparatory stage, the decision to choke act of migration, the process the period of overcompensation, realizing the changes and doubting the decision the period of decompensation, remote times and transgenerational impact, the migration process (Marci Hanson and E. Lynch, development Cross Cultural Competence, p.185).The family is Mexican. This line has root in El Paso, Texas but Rosario, a undivided parent has migrated to Los Angeles, calcium in hopes of providing a better life for her nine year doddery son, Carlitos. California was the state of choice for many Mexicans, as many as 57 percent were legal immigrants according to Taylor (R. Taylor, Minority in the Families, p.89). Carlitos is left wing wit h his grandmother, who apparently has health issues. His godmother also has agreed to care of him as well. Carlitos watched his godmothers calculating plans assist Mexicans in their escape to the linked States he cute to receive the same assistance because he wanted to join his mother in the United States.The Structure of the FamilyThis Mexican family is unique in that Rosario was a single mother. The culture of the Mexicans was very family oriented, and it was not common to have single parents among their culture during this time. According to Taylor the population of female headed household has steadily increase in the last decade but less appropriate in the Hispanic population (Taylor, p. 93). Her mother, apparently very ill too... ...as working for, obviously was running the household. It is interesting not a father to come into guidance until Carlitos has almost completed his journey and yet his father, Oscar doesnt step up to do those things that would be expected of a machismo male. This review does not meet the practical norm of the Mexican culture according to the reading as I understood it. I would say this family was more Americanize although they held well-nigh views Taylor and Hanson shared they were not overwhelming.Works CitedLynch, Eleanor W. & Hanson =, Marci J, (2004). A guide for working with children and families Developing cross-cultural competence (3rd edition). Baltimore Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.Taylor, Ronald L. (2002). Minority families in the United States A multicultural perspective (3rd edition). Upper saddle River, NJ assimilator Hall.

High School Memories about Race Essay -- Black African American Racial

For Generations Yet Unborn I grew up in Illinois, west of Chicago. I attended elementary schooltime through naughty school in my hometown. I cannot help merely smile when I think dressing on my high school experiences. A Power Point microscope slide show presentation runs through my mind with fond memories of football games, return dances, and school plays all set to the tune of my high schools fight song being played by the marching band. This moral slide show belongs not only to me, but also to many another(prenominal) of my friends here at U of I. I k immediately not everyone experience the same Miss Suesy High School experience that I went through, but as a 16 year old I in some way blocked others not so grand high school experiences from my mind, and naively continued to go to football games and dances. When I came to the University of Illinois, along with twenty some others from my high school, I pressed saved on my slide show of high school memories and began my college c arer. It wasnt until March 1, 2004, that I opened up my Power Point file of high school memories at the request of an amazing woman. Melba Beals, a congressional Gold ornament honoree for her work as a civil rights activist, spoke at the University of Illinois in March about her experiences as one of the Little Rock clubhouse and her book Warriors Dont birdcall. In Beals book, she recalls unpleasant childhood memories of exploitation up in Arkansas during segregation of the 1950s. Beals drank out of water fountains attach for blacks only, ate at colored restaurants, rode at the back of the bus, and attended a segregated elementary school. Beals and eight other children helped integrate an all-while Arkansas populace high school in 1957. The majority of Warriors Dont Cry exp... ...ed segregation little pins and with time all the pins will be remove and the pain will be gone. Melba said my generation will go bad to see even more results than she ever will. Her advice to us was to continue our reproduction and to learn as much as we can. She said endless opportunities are available with education, whether you are black or white. Melba is over fifty now and she is still continuing her education in international educational studies. Melba has deep adopted two young children and she learns from them and with them every day of her life. She told us neer to loose our passion for learning. Education for her keeps her young and alive. If I can bowl over Melbas age, and have the outlook on life that she currently has, I will feel blessed. Melbas slide show may be very different than mine, but without hers mine would not be near as bright.

Requirement English Composition :: essays research papers

Few Ameri toilets can understand the blow up and superlative voice communication of the Constitution or Declaration of Independence. This results from a lack in side education in all academic tiers. Dropping English stem from the requirements for Associate degrees would further decimate the form and lexicon of our verbal and written lyric by removing a tiny exposure to language development. An erosion of complexness in language would result, affecting every level of existence. A dilute language would destroy critical thinking and re track down the tools that allow batch to intellectually express themselves. Thus, society would take another step towards approximating ignoramuses. We can hardly suffer anymore erosion of our language before it becomes tout ensemble consumed by four letter words and contractions. Composition is a reanimate to this disease. When a student witnesses the impotence of their writing they can perceive the gather up to improve their writing abilities. It forces students to purify their thoughts and thitherfore use more elaborate yet succinct words. Without a medium to see their weakness there is no incentive to change and empowerment does not occur. The process of position words to paper gives students a concrete example of their thoughts. They are allowed to give way their views with an outside perspective. This facilitates a critical thinking state of mind in which the student can better develop their thoughts. Critical thinking enables students to move away from colloquialisms and clichs as they struggle to improve and clarify their writing. Thus, critical thinking necessitates advancement in the ability to express complex ideas. This reinforces the take up for the student to develop a manifold and potent vocabulary.      It will be a tragic day when Americans cannot understand the

First Gov Analysis :: essays research papers

FIRSTGOV.COM VERSUS CANADA.COMI comp ared the United States FirstGov.Com portal summonboy with our neighbor Canadas establishment portal page. I first looked at firstgov.com to get a feel for the United States disposal page.When you first open http//www.firstgov.gov/ you immediately bring out that t here(predicate) is an abundance of information. There are four main tabs readiness up as the main crux of the web page and those are For Citizens, For Businesses and Non Profit, For federal Employees, and Government to Government.Right off the bat renewing a drivers license and passport application is what jumped out to me personally. These were under the, Citizens Get It through with(p) heading. Also, under this heading were links that direct you to e-filing taxes, checking immigration status, governmental benefits, government job application procedures, changing your address, and even shopping at government auctions.At mid page on the For Citizens tab was a subsection entitled , information by topics. There are 14 main topics and when you mouse click on one of them it sends you to another link that has numerous other topics that a user can click on for almost every change of information you can imagine. For example I clicked on Education and Jobs topic. chthonian the topic is brief information on what you can find such(prenominal) as employment, training, careers, labor, wages, workplace, online learning, schools, student and teacher resources...This led me to a page that has hale over 70 links to other topics. A few examples here are US Dept of Labor, US Dept of Education, College Search, Disability Information, Career Choices, Labor Relations, and many an(prenominal) more subjects to look up. Each of these links takes you to other pages full of related information with more links to follow. What I found interesting as well as was you can read this web site in almost any language. I clicked on Spanish and the entire web page born-again to Spanish . Also on the left hand side of the home page is a small index with links entitled A-Z agency index, Federal Executive, Federal Legislature, Federal Judicial, Cross agency portals, state government, local government, and tribunal government. I chose to look at Federal Legislature and that takes to a page where you can find out information on the US Senate, US House of Representative, and agencies that support Congress. An abundance of information in all areas in the index. When you go to Canadas web site, http//www.

To what extent do you find this a satisfactory ending to the novel - :: English Literature

To what extent do you find this a satisfactory coating to the legend - chap6 Salinas River consequences of Lennies actions.To what extent do you find this a satisfactory stop to the novel?Chapter 6 takes place at the Salinas River in the late good afternoon wherewe see the consequences of Lennies actions. After murdering Curleyswife in the barn, Lennie has gone on the rush along and hides in the brush.George finds Lennie and tries to give him a fear free death. This isprobably the nearly moving chapter of the novel. In many ways I find ita satisfying ending, that in that location is also an element of surprise in thefact that it is George who kills his best friend Lennie, althoughSteinbeck has prepared us with the death of Candys red hot and Curleyswife. The impact of the ending is very poignant and touching as I feelsympathy for Lennie as I feel I study him better than the othercharacters that have died.The link between the beginning of the novel and the end makes it moreco mplete as there is a enough circle. The setting that theyre in, alongthe Salinas River with men shouting, and the reason why they are thereare also similar to the beginning of the novel and this has looped.Lennie is orderning from this ranch, the equal as in the beginning asthey ran away from Weed. But the prior reason was not as serious asthis one. Lennie had been accused of raping a woman, whereas thisinstance he has murdered one. The only other difference in this isthat Lennie expects George to follow him and they would both escapetogether, but that was not to be the story. This was surprising in theway that George killed Lennie, but Lennie had done too many naughtiness thingsand this time he had crossed over the line and George had had enough.Lennies h eachucination shows how hes imitating all the people close tohim. This could be a sign of him going possessed(predicate) and not knowing what todo. When George arrives at the brush, Lennie is trying to make himfollow the u niform ritual by first of all waiting as George tells himoff, and hence attempts to make him feel guilty by saying how he couldrun away and live in a cave. After that George would feel muddied forLennie and they would make up and talk about the ranch and therabbits. Lennie thinks that he is succeeding, but it creates anempathetic mood when George finally shoots Lennie.